“for” and “if” command for deep fsl users
2010 年 11 月 18 日 xuemei 浏览：1,594 最后更新：2010 年 12 月 17 日
在fsl数据分析中，被试很多，经常需要进行批处理或者让某一个处理过程不停的循环，这时候就需要用到for命令。其基本的格式：
For 判断 do 循环命令1 ； 循环命令2； Done
举一个例子，在一个study中，有40个被试，每组被试20人，每个被试下面有behavior数据、brain数据。我们需要建立一个如下的文件夹系统：
其中sub后的第一个数字代表组编号，第三个数据代表被试编号，如sub101即第一组的第一个被试。要实现这个功能需要进行两次循环和判断，第一次循环是组循环（1到2），第二次是被试循环（1到20），并且被试编号从1到9时，组编号与被试编号之间需要用0占位，所以又引入了if判断。于是需要运行下面的代码：
For ((j=1;j<3;j++)) #从1循环到2，每次增加1，小于3为止。
do
for ((i=1;i<21;i++)) #从1循环到20，每次增加1，小于21为止。
do
if [ ${i} –lt 10 ] # 如果i小于10为真，“lt”即 less than。大于用“gt”；不等于“ne”
then
mkdir -p sub${j}0${i}
mkdir -p sub${j}0${i}/brain
mkdir -p sub${j}0${i}/behavior
elif [ ${i} –gt 9 ] #如果相等则用” = ”, 字符串相等也用这个，但是等号两边需要空格
then
mkdir -p sub${j}${i}
mkdir -p sub${j}${i}/brain
mkdir -p sub${j}${i}/behavior
fi
done
发现上面的文件夹系统建好后，假设现在我发现除了behavior数据、brain数据外，这40个被试还有基因数据，所以还需要建立一个基因数据的文件夹：
for i in sub* #当前目录下所有以sub*开头的文件夹
do
mkdir ${i}/gene
done
在这里就用了“*”通用匹配符。这也是常用的一种循环方式。
For循环经常和if判断语句联用，处理上面判断数字大小外，if还可以判断文件或者文件夹是否存在：
If [ -d sub101/behavior ] #如果这个文件夹存在为真，执行以下命令 If [ ！-d sub101/behavior ] #如果这个文件夹不存在为真，执行以下命令 If [ -f sub101/behavior/test.txt ] #如果这个文件存在为真，执行以下命令
If判断常与逻辑判断结合，”-a”即and; “!”及not；”-o” 即 or如下：
If [ -d sub101/behavior –a -f \sub101/brain/test.txt] #这两个条件都要满足。
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